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The Earth Kingdom is the largest and most populous country in the known world, and encompasses the overwhelming majority of Earth Nation polities. Its inhabitants are primarily of Earth National elemental ethnicities and hence its culture and history have been heavily influenced by the development of Earthbending.

The Earth Kingdom is vast and diverse, with 51 provinces and four constituent states. It controlled substantially all of its claimed territory at the start of the Fire Nation invasion, but now some provinces are controlled by the Fire Nation colonial government and others have attained de facto independence after neglect or perceived abuse from the Ba Sing Se government.

The Earth Kingdom is divided into nine regions, eight of which have regional capitals and the other of which is coterminous with the outer barrier wall of the royal capital, Ba Sing Se.

Many of the political subdivisions of the Earth Kingdom have histories as independent countries that were tributaries of the Central Earth Kingdom government in Ba Sing Se, and which were later incorporated as organic parts of the kingdom. Four of these subdivisions, originating as vassal kingdoms, are termed states rather than provinces, with leaders who are "prince" or "king / sovereign" (王), the latter term also being used for the Earth Monarch in Ba Sing Se. For historical reasons, many of the provinces are still called countries (國) even though their leaders are not allowed to call themselves kings/princes (or queens/princesses.) The Earth Monarch is usually an Earth King (土王), though sometimes there have been Earth Queens regnant who use the same title as when the Earth Monarch is male, and under the Great Ri the Earth Monarch was titled Emperor of the Great Ri in most contexts, being called "Earth King" only in the context of his rule in Ba Sing Se.

Geography

The Earth Kingdom is enormous and contains essentially every biome from frozen glaciers to torrid jungles.

Ethnic Groups

The Earth Kingdom has forty-one widely-recognized Ethnic Groups, many of which contain subdivisions.

Name	Note
1 Central
2 Southerner
3	(group which provided the Di dynasty)
4 Ganjinese (乾凈族)	Inhabitants of a coastal country on the Western Lake, once the center of a multiethnic empire. Noted for mercantilism.
5 Zangs (髒族, reclaimed exonym)	A settled arboreal hunting culture of the Western Plains, widely disseminated as fighters.
6 Abka (嗄佧， endonym), Madiaomin (馬鳥民)	Ostrich-horse riding steppe nomadic sometime-raiders practicing mounted archery.
7 Nogai (諾蓋族, phonetic loan)	A nomadic group in West.
8 Yonggan (勇敢民) "Yonggan peoples"	Mountain dwelling earthbenders, founded a conquest dynasty
9 Foggy Swamp People
10	Group indigenous to the East
11	Kyoshi Islanders
12	Far Western montane Indigenous People 1
13	Far Western montane Indigenous People 2
14	Northern Indigenous People 1
15	Northern Indigenous People 2
16	far south high mountain people practicing air nomad religion but they are earthbenders - attacked but not wiped out by fire nation
17 Mau Dai people
18	Far Western boreal forest indigenous people
19	Far Western plains indigenous people 1
20	Far Western plains indigenous people 2
21	Far western coastal indigenous people
22	Siwang sandbenders
23	Hanwang sandbenders
24 Caomumin (螬牧民) "Beetle herders"	Beetle-helmet people, nomadic traders who are widely dispersed and known for skills in desert crossings.
25	indigenous jungle people of the south
26	indigenous jungle people 2 of the far south
27	indigenous jungle people 2 of the far south
28 Honghu (紅胡族）"Redbeard Tribe"	far western indigenous people
29	far southern settled people 1
30	far southern settled people 2
31	outward lands jungle people
32	outward lands coastal people
33	outward lands people 1
34	outward lands people 2
35	beryl archipelago tributary people
36 Jiangke (江客) "River guests."	Nomadic people living on the rivers and canals of the Southern Continent, and in semi-permanent riparian camps, sometimes coming into conflict with settled people. They are of mixed water and earth elemental ethnicity.
37 Angmumin（昂牧民）"Air Nomads"	Associated with the Northern Air Temple but some also lived in the South; believed Eradicated in the genocide by the Fire Nation
38 Jinggong Shuizu (進貢水族) Tributary Water Tribes	Ethnic water nation people living in the Far North, recognizing the Earth Kingdom as suzerain.
39 Huoke (火客) "Fire guests"	Ethnic Fire Nation People living in the far west (prior to the Invasion) - mostly in territories now occupied by the Fire Nation or expelled in ethnic violence.
40	Reserved ethnic group
41	Reserved ethnic group

Political Subdivisions

Capital Region
Coterminous with the region defined by the outer wall of Ba Sing Se
Name	Note
1 Yonggucheng (永固城)	Ba Sing Se

Central Region
Name	Note
2
3
4
5
6
7	In the southeast, speaks a different dialect, trade contact with the south, provided the Di dynasty.
54	Reserved Province

Eastern Region
Name	Note
8	Contains the regional capital, Dongjing
9
10	Where Misun Pak was from, archery tradition

Southern Region
Name	Note
11 Great Omashu	Second City of the Earth Kingdom; Ruler is titled Mawang, (瑪王) literally "Agate King."
12
13
14	(partially controlled by the Fire Nation)
15	(controled by the Fire Nation)
16 Gintong
17
52 South Hu Xin
53	Reserved Province

Western Region
Name	Note
18 Marenguo
19 Ganjingguo
20 Zangguo
21 Yi	in the west
22 Yongganguo
23 North Hu Xin
55	- Contains Xingjing the regional capital

Northern Region
Name	Note
24
25
26
27	Chenbao

Far Western Region
Not to be confused with the previous Far West ceded to the Air Nation
Name	Note
28
29
30
31
32	Reserved for future use State
33	Partially controlled by the Fire Nation
34	Partially controlled by the Fire Nation, Reserved for future use
35	(Island, home of Yu Dao, Controlled by the Fire Nation)
36	(Controlled by the Fire Nation)
37	(Controlled by the Fire Nation)

Far Southern Region
Name	Note
38 Gaoling
39
40
41
42
43	Reserved
44	Zeizhou

Outward Region
Name	Note
45
46
47
48
49
50	Reserved
51	Reserved

Monarchy and Symbolism

See Dynastic History of the Earth Kingdom for the historical development and key points of the history of the monarchy.

The Earth Kingdom is ruled by the Earth King, who reigns from the Badgermole Throne in the Hall of Invincible Stability, part of the innermost palace complex in Ba Sing Se. Earth Monarchs assume rulership by "ascending the throne" and issuing an edict stating this fact and proclaiming an Era Name to be used on the new year. (Thus, an Earth King first rules during the last year of the era of his predecessor; interregnums are normally very short unless the former Earth King has died close to the new year, in which case the official ascension would be delayed lest confusion about the current era name be created in the far-flung corners of the Kingdom.)

Iconography of the monarchy varied by dynasty. The current Hao Ting favors a circular symbol with a central square hole, somewhat resembling a cash coin. The preceding Ri dynasty used a stylized badgermole and a quadripartite symbol similar to the yin-yang (࿌). The Hao dynasty immediately preceding the Ri also used badgermole symbolism; the austere Ting used a circular symbol more similar to the current emblem until the recovery of the ancient badgermole throne.

Green is the national color of the Earth Kingdom. Traditionally, the color of the Earth Monarch's regalia was described as "celadon," though the current regalia no longer closely fit that color description.

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