Camels
Camels in Ponecia live mostly in the northern regions of the continent, but have communities in several of the state's major cities. They are a minority within these cities, and in their traditional home region they are only in a majority outside of densely populated areas. As they tend to be insular, they have not integrated well into pony society. This has resulted in them becoming marginalized, leading to high crime in their communities. The scarcity of resources in their northern regions could explain their culture's suspicious and selfish attributes, as those were important traits for tribes who were in dire competition with eachother.
Veils
Both male and female camels wear veils as a tradition. Not wearing one in their presence is considered rude, even hostile. This is because camels have learned how to weaponize their spit through alchemy, and so the tradition emerged of wearing veils to show peaceful intent. Other species are often ignorant of this context, and camels do not often reach out enough to learn of these cultural differences. This further hinders camels' relations with other species. Ponies are advised to not go around unveiled in a place populated by camels, and to take care when a camel removes their veil, as this is a sign their patience has run out.
Exceptions exist to this tradition. Guards will often forego veils and readiness and intimidation are part of their job. Raiding parties have no need to show respect or restrain their offensive capabilities. Certain social situations instead involve unveiling. Two romantic partners can go around unveiled in eachother's presence. Once a party to a relationship feels ready, they will allow the other to remove their veil to signify this new stage in the relationship. This is often done simultaneous to show the other bestows the same amount of trust. Courtesans (i.e. prostitutes) will mimic this act of unveiling. Not out of love, but as an imitation of such with their client. This is why some of the negative attention to unveiled ponies, when not hostile or annoyed, can be violent and lecherous. Lastly, family are accorded enough trust to not have to wear a veil in private settings. As such, camel weddings are held without veils. With only the guests and non-relatives expected to cover up.
Slavery
Camels have a history of raiding communities and making slaves out of ponies and zebras. Once the great slave routes spanned the continent, and beyond. Major slave markets scattered the continent and astonishing numbers were trafficked, many not even reaching these destinations. The Pegaponessean War marked an end to these excesses, once the Ponecian state ceased hostilities with New Pegasopolis and frustrated by its loss to the main slaveholding power on the continent turned its armies against the camel slavers. Having operated on the principle of 'might makes right' the camel slavers were now forced into signing treaties restricting the practice of slavery. These became de jure laws once Ponecia came to cover the continent.
Areas outside the continent are still free game, but have not made travel a serious hazard. Organized attacks on distant communities for slaves are also prohibitively expensive. However, prisoners of war and criminals can be made slaves under the autonomy clauses of annexation treaties and peace agreements. Slave status is hereditary and manumission not conferred onto a slave's offspring born prior to being granted freedom. This has kept the slave population in camel communities of Ponecia stable and growing.
The veiling of slaves has proved another cultural barrier. In places where camels keep ponies as slaves, the ponies are forced to wear a face-covering garment as part of their assimilation into their master's culture. To outsiders this is seen as a mark of submission, while for a camel it means the slave is harmless and trustworthy enough to do their master's bidding.
Dowry Weapons
When a female camel is married to a husband, her family gives her a dagger as part of her dowry. This can be custom made for the bride, or if the family is poor, given her mother's dagger. The reason is that if the husband turns out unfaithful to her and cheats, she will have a means to exact revenge by honor killing the adulterer. Camel husbands will therefore sometimes steal the wife's dowry, thereby admitting to their affair. In some such cases, the husband will then give the dowry weapon to the one whom they have the extra-marital relation with, thereby transferring their loyalty to them. This way the paramour protects the adulterous husband from reprisals, and gains leverage over him as well.